When these tests help
If an alleged father is unavailable, deceased or unwilling, his biological relatives can sometimes provide informative evidence about the relationship.
Grandparent testing
Testing both paternal grandparents gives the strongest result. One grandparent alone can still be informative, particularly when the child's mother also participates.
Avuncular testing
An aunt or uncle — a full sibling of the alleged parent — is compared with the child. Results are expressed as a likelihood ratio rather than a near-definitive probability.
Setting expectations
Indirect relationship tests are less conclusive than direct parent-child testing. Some cases will not reach a decisive threshold.
Before ordering
Tell us who is available to test. We will explain the realistic strength of each option.